Index: までからよりだけなど

 

 

Functions

Notes

GENKI

topic, contrast

(as for, at least)

X Y です。

L1: 14

 

{(no particle) / / }

 

L3: 63

 

, , etc.

 

L11: 217

(L4 in class)

 

question

XY

XQWです

L1: 15

alternative

(or)

XY

L10

 

 

similarity

(also, too)

X Yです。Z Yです。

L2: 37

 

{(no particle) / / }

, , etc.

 

L4: 81

emphasis

なに

L7

L8: 159

QW (particle)

(e.g., どこ、だれ)

 

L10: 197

 

 

Noun1 specifies Noun2

(N1’s N2;
N1 N2;

N2{of/at/in/for/by}N1)

Noun1 Noun2

 

Noun2 = location word (L4)

L1: 16

 

 

subject

Q: QW 〜。

A: (subject)  〜。

L2: 35

L8: 158

X Y {わかる(L4) / ()きです(L5) / Adj.(L7) }, etc.

L4

contrast

(, but )

(sentence)〜。  = (sentence), but .

L7: 145

 

confirmation, agreement,

casual exclamation

(sentence)

is similar to tag questions in English.

L2: 38

 

certainty,

assertion

(sentence)

L2: 38

 

direct object

X {()べる / ()}, etc.

L3: 61

 

(starting point)

X {()りる / ()}, etc.

L6

 

(passing point)

X {(わた)(L6) / (ある)(L10)}, etc.

L6, L10

 

 

a specific point in time

Don’t use : 今日(きょう)毎日(まいにち)、いつ

L3: 61

goal of movement

(place){ / } {() / ()}, etc.

L3: 60

location of existence

(place) {いる / ある(L4) / ()(L7)}, etc.

L4: 77

destination

(place) {() / ()(L3) / ()(L5) / (はい)(L6)}, etc.

L3

purpose of movement

V-stem {() / ()}, etc.

L7: 140

indirect object

(to, for)

X {() / ()(L4) / (おし)える(L6)}, etc.

 

L4

source

(from)

(person) {()りる(L6) / もらう(L9)}, etc.

.

L6

purpose, role

(something) X {() / ()べる}, etc.

 

L11: 217

 

place of action

(place) {()べる / 勉強(べんきょう)する}, etc.

L3: 60

place of event

(place) (event) ある。

L4: 77

scope, range

〜の中 X 一番(いちばん) 〜です。

L10: 194

means / instruments

(means / instruments) 〜する

L10: 198

reason

X 有名(ゆうめい)です。

L11

 

exhaustive listing

A and B

NounNoun

L4: 81

partner

(partner) 〜する

L4: 81

quotation

(clause) {()/ (おも)}, etc.

L8: 155

 

まで

ending point

(time / place)まで

L5

 

から

starting point

(time / place)から

L7

(L5 in class)

reason

(reason clause)から

(reason clause)から〜。

L6: 121

L9: 177

 

より

basis of comparison

Xより

L10: 194

 

だけ

limit

(only / just)

(noun)だけ 

L11: 217

 

inexhaustive listing

(A and B, for example)

NounNoun

L11: 216

 

など

exemplification

(Noun) Nounなど

L12

 

For more information on particles, see the references below.

 

 

 

References

 

Banno, E., Ohno, Y., Sakane, Y., & Shinagawa, C. (1999). Genki: An integrated course in elementary Japanese,

Vol. 1. Tokyo: Japan Times.

 

Emmett, K. (2005). Particles in Genki: Lessons 1-12. Available from http://www.tc.umn.edu/~emme0007/particletable_genki.pdf

 

Emmett, K. (2004 - 2005). Review sheets for Genki: Lessons 1-12. Handouts in JPN1011-1012, University of Minnesota.

 

The Japan Foundation, Japanese-Language Institute. (n.d.). Minna no kyozai saito: Grammar notes. Available from http://momiji.jpf.go.jp/kyozai/English/Material/BookEdit/index.php

 

Makino, S. & Tsutsui, M. (1986).  A dictionary of basic Japanese grammar. Tokyo: Japan Times.

 

 

 

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